Protocolo de avaliação técnica de resíduos perigosos para reaproveitamento energético em fornos de clínquer.

Abstract

The cement industries have a significant environmental impact through high emissions of greenhouse gases due to the consumption of fossil fuels. Co-processing arises through the need for energy reuse of industrial waste combined with a safe process for the thermal treatment of this waste. It is a combined operation between the industries that generate waste and cement, in which the waste generated is heat treated with the use of its calorific value, with a consequent reduction in the consumption of fossil fuels. However, this process can bring risks for companies that produce clinker and co-responsibility for generating companies, due to the presence of components that make the waste dangerous, such as heavy metals and organic substances that are difficult to be destroyed. The current Brazilian resolution CONAMA 499/20, which provides for the licensing of co-processing in clinker kilns, defines parameters for assessing the risks associated with atmospheric emissions, but does not cover the other risks. In this way, this work has as objective, to present a proposal of protocol for evaluation of these residues in order to provide security in the energy reuse in clinker furnaces. The assessments carried out were in the areas of environment, process safety and occupational health, through the assessment of laws, resolutions, guidelines and standards, referring to waste management, co-processing and risk assessment. To apply and evaluate the protocol's functionality, a case study was carried out that analyzed two types of waste from a waste management company in Camaçari-BA. The protocol developed proved to be efficient for the analysis of the industrial waste in question, being able to identify and qualitatively measure the impacts present in the cement process. The residues evaluated by the protocol, the sieved oily sludge and the crushed residue, showed technical feasibility to carry out the thermal exploitation. Both were not technically unfeasible, although potential low and medium risk scenarios were identified. These risk scenarios generated recommendations to be applied before making thermal use