HABITAÇÃO SOCIAL EM SALVADOR: UMA ANÁLISE DO PROCESSO DE IMPLANTAÇÃO DO PROJETO GUERREIRA ZEFERINA

Abstract

Housing has been recognized as a fundamental need for people's lives, since the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, of 1948. In the Brazilian Federal Constitution of 1988, it is legitimized in the list of social rights, which provides the principle of the social function of urban land use, and under this principle lays the concept of Housing of Social Interest (HIS). However, many Brazilians still do not have access to decent housing and live in inadequate situations. The creation of the Ministry of the City in 2003 represented an important milestone for the structuring of the national housing policy and, from 2007 onwards, substantial public investments have been made available through various HIS programs. The city of Salvador has high rates of quantitative and qualitative housing deficits. In this context, this dissertation aims to analyze the implementation process of the “Project for the requalification of the Guerreira Zeferina community”, in the former Cidade de Plástico occupation. In order to accomplish that, social housing in Salvador was analyzed, highlighting concepts, deficit data and programs carried out in the period from 2007 to 2019. Subsequently, knowledge was deepened about local references in precarious settlements urbanization projects (UAP) carried out in the same time period from 2007 to 2019. Finally, the identification of the institutional actions and processes of the physical, social and land interventions of the Guerreira Zeferina Project was carried out. This Project built 257 houses for families already residing in the area, with the implementation of infrastructure, community equipment, school, sports and leisure areas. Using qualitative analysis methodology, the results of this study show a predominance of projects and investments focused on the construction of new housing units, while the urbanization of precarious settlements has a low capacity for completion of the works. It was also verified the complexities of the multidisciplinary and multisectoral execution of the implementation process of the Guerreira Zeferina Project. Investments in social housing must point to a diversity of actions, which go beyond the construction of new housing, and must aim to reduce the precariousness of existing housing occupation in the city of Salvador, pursuing urban integration and reducing socio-spatial segregation