O turismo e a indústria: um estudo sobre o desenvolvimento dos setores nas últimas duas décadas em Camaçari-BA

Abstract

Camaçari, in the state of Bahia, is a city that for decades has depended on resources from the industrial sector, specifically the Camaçari Petrochemical Complex (COPEC); however, in 2021, the city was surprised by the closure of Ford’s industrial operations, an event that contributed to disseminate the idea that economic diversification is an immediate necessity for the city, which has tourism as a potential vector for this kind of diversification. This scenario serves as the main foundation for the construction of this paper, which is systematized in three articles. Therefore, the first article seeks to investigate the existence of any process of deindustrialization over the past two decades in the municipality. This study identified that there is an ongoing process of loss of importance of the industry concerning the GDP and employment, pointing out the need for economic diversification for Camaçari to become independent in the industrial sector. The second article seeks to investigate tourism in Camaçari, analyzing whether the sector has the potential to replace industrial activity as an economic vector. This study was based on secondary data existing in the main sources of socioeconomic studies in Brazil. In addition, it analyzed technical studies carried out by the Camaçari6City Hall, aiming to build a profile dedicated to tourism over the last two decades. The results have perceived that there are bottlenecks that hinder the development of tourism and hinder the rise of the sector in contrast to the industrial sector. Consequently, this paper points out the main impediments of the tourism sector in Camaçari, apart from consenting to the observation of the scenario in which the tourist activity is now. Finally, the third and last article aims to analyze the public policies of tourism, through the perspective of fund transference allocated every year by the Ministry of Tourism to States and Municipalities using the National System of Agreements (SICONV). The main objective is to validate the existing patterns in the voluntary and mandatory transferences that occurred over the past ten years through SICONV, differentiating the types of transfers and demonstrating through a time series (2009/2019), the number of programs and the type of transference made. This fact allows us to observe the historical evolution of Ministry of Tourism agreements, as well as to obtain a broad view of the forms of transfer of federal funds aimed at the implementation of tourism public policies, not only in the Federal States but also in Brazilian Municipalities