Doenças de populações negligenciadas como produto da vulnerabilidade social: um diagnóstico da sífilis congênita no Estado da Bahia, Brasil

Abstract

Populations in situations of social vulnerability are more prone to the occurrence of diseases due to their living and working conditions. Although syphilis is an ancient disease, it still constitutes a challenge for public health, especially in its congenital form and in less developed regions, which raises, on the part of academia, a better understanding of the aspects that favor its occurrence. . In the world, the disease is considered reemerging, having registered a very expressive development in Brazil, especially in the state of Bahia. That said, this dissertation was developed with the objective of identifying to what extent the distribution of cases of Congenital Syphilis registered in Bahia, between the years 2011 and 2020, were influenced by the socioeconomic indicators of the municipalities of the State. To this end, as procedures, this study resorted to a systematic literature review, to a documentary research in the databases of the Information System of Notifiable Diseases and in the Information System on Live Births of the Ministry of Health, Instituto Brasileiro de Geography and Statistics, State Department of Health and at the Municipal Health Departments of Bahia and in semi-structured interviews with public representatives who work in positions related to the objective of the study. For the analysis of these data, geoprocessing was adopted using the software QGis 3.20 and GeoDa. Thus, it was possible to conclude that Congenital Syphilis develops in a heterogeneous way in the State of Bahia, and cannot be explained in isolation by a correlation with the HDI of the municipalities, but designing a spatial pattern that raises the existence of relations with the tourist activity and the location of highways. The existence of obstacles to the fulfillment of public strategies to combat the disease was identified, such as the deficit of professionals in primary care, failures in continuing education, inaccuracies in reporting cases, prolonged time to receive the results of diagnostic tests and the non-adherence of pregnant women and their partnerships to treatment.