Sociedade de risco e o processo de ocupação subnormal em encostas, em Salvador-Bahia

Abstract

The dynamics of urbanization by the expansion of urban areas has been producing a segregated environment and highly degraded, with serious effects on the quality of life of the population in Salvador, metropolis with large amount of inhabitants in slopes, exposed to numerous risks, mainly due to self-construction without proper technique, and natural disasters, such as landslides, enhanced when in times of heavy rains. Thus, this work had as general objective to discuss the process of subnormal occupations in the capital Salvador, on slopes, from the perspective of a society from scratch, and the consequences that raises for city. The methodology uses bibliographical research, assisted by cartographic maps, and field experiences in two areas monitored by CODESAL to illustrate some visitors. Also proposes improvements to the public office of the municipality in matters that involve territorial management. As results stand out the risk characterization for these occupations concentrated in the Centre and Suburb railway, located in areas of environmental preservation is often composed of several factors, in addition to relief and occupation in Hill and a fragile geology, with environmental degradation, low constructive pattern of buildings too, with structurally precarious constructions, without infrastructure, sanitation, implying that the most needy population seems to play a risk culture, a vicious cycle, without being attacked the cause of all this trouble. Consisting of a population with low education, and little qualified to work, whose income exceeded 2 (two) minimum wages, a social aspect with a strong economic impact, and generates difficulties to access this population of low-income housing worthy, demonstrating the importance of a closer look by the public power to try to minimize this problem. Were prioritized interventions by type of contentions slopes, to high risk, environmental recovery, that demand federal resource supply, but benefits small part of the population concerned. The remaining interventions for occupations outside the consolidated risk, were targeted for improvement of dwellings, to allow access to public services and land regularization. Even with the experience of social programs, where some of them succeeded, and other cases allowing interventions to reduce environmental and social impacts from the perspective of a society, the issues related to occupations subnormal to the urban planning of Salvador, highlight difficulties and limitations of public power, and are not currently comprehensive, integrated plans between spheres of Government, and with contribution of adequate resources, considering the size of the challenge, the your implementation costs and current economic crisis the country. The proposal to improve the public office in municipal management, with participation of professional experts to attend vulnerable population of informal occupations, make an efficient urban management, should decrease the occupation in an area of risk and mitigate the problems that occur with residents who build without technique, giving priority to the settlement of the property. In this way, the municipal power should be organized to better manage the risks, including developing a more efficient supervision, with the withdrawal of residents resistant to leave these sites, promoting and implementing environmental education at awareness communities, resilience and especially avoid new occupations.