A dimensão social do desenvolvimento sob a ótica do trabalho no Brasil do Século XXI

Abstract

Inserting itself in the tradition of studies that try to reveal the transformations through which the world of labor passes, the present work has as central guiding question the identification of how and to what extent the labor that is performed and reproduces in Brazil at the beginning of the century XXI, considered from the analytical perspective of the indicators used, reflects its social development. Its purpose is to analyze the relationship between labor and the recent development of Brazilian society by reading the main indicators available about labor. Based on the thoughts of Trotsky and Marini on the processes of capitalist development in the peripheral economies of the system, and on the ideas on labor brought by philosophers (Aristotle, Hegel, Marx, Lukács and Arendt), economics and sociology (Smith, Marx, Durkheim, Weber, Offe, Harvey, Castel, Oliveira, Antunes Sennett), and even of psychology (Dejours), identifies the interaction between the two key categories of analysis - development and work. It reads the Brazilian capitalist development and the role of labor, in this process marked by dependence, from the essays produced by Fernando Novais and Francisco de Oliveira. Based on data from the National Household Sample Survey (PNAD) and the Institute of Applied Economic Research (IPEA), it analyzes the behavior of the main social indicators of labor and nine other non-traditional indicators, seeking to capture the explanatory capacity of these numbers on the changes that have taken place in the world of labor. Finally, he points out that weighted indicators are necessary but insufficient to show the repercussions of the constant changes of the capitalist system of production on labor and, consequently, on people's lives. It points to the opportunity to create a research agenda for the construction and proposition of new indicators that fill the existing gap.