Economia compartilhada: um estudo para o Brasil.

Abstract

Shared Economy: a study for Brazil, an innovative and contemporary theme, aims to answer the following question: What is the profile of the consumer most likely to participate in the Shared Economy in Brazil? The specific objectives are: i) to understand the economic and social factors that triggered the rise of the Shared Economy in the world; ii) to suggest study themes arising from the rise of Shared Economy; iii) dimensioning the Brazilian market for car and housing sharing; iv) to identify the challenges and restrictions for the growth of the Shared Economy in Brazil; and v) to identify world trends in consumption that favor the Shared Economy. To this end, a Shared Economy Survey was presented - probably, until now, the only national survey available to the public - in which 2,357 people were interviewed through Facebook, in all 26 states of Brazil and in the Federal District, whose questions were about car and housing sharing as well as questions about values: property, environment, solidarity and trust. As a result, a small sample of the Shared Economy Survey in Brazil is anticipated: 36% of respondents answered “yes” when asked if they would be willing to share their own idle car, and 43% of respondents replied that they would share a room in their home/apartment for a tourist. It has been shown that people have shared for centuries, however on a small and geographically located scale, and the economic and social factors that occurred in the 20th century that contributed to the rise of the Shared Economy were also verified: the breakthrough in technology, changes in work relationships, society's indebtedness, and dependence on consumption. Because of this scenario, which was exposed in the international financial crisis of 2007-2008, people are changing the way of consuming and adhering to sharing and, therefore, they are spending less for the products consumed, avoiding indebtedness, contributing with the environment, giving priority to the experience of consumption rather than ownership of the product; defending ethical consumption and with a better distribution of the goods produced. The Shared Economy brings companies with great market value together, many of them leaders in their sector, such as Uber, Airbnb, Spotify, Facebook, Amazon, Netflix, among others. Some definitions of the theme are presented, such as the ways of sharing described, the trends that the Shared Economy movement stimulates and questions for the most diverse areas: in sociology and philosophy; in economics, administration and business, in the financial sector; in public policies; in the study of employment and income; in the legal area; in the environment; in the health sector; in architecture, urbanism and civil construction; in the tourism sector; in the educational sector; and technology. Therefore, the study of the Shared Economy theme is justified because it is a recent global economic and social movement, needing further studies by the Academy and investments by Brazilian companies.