Questões projetuais e construtivas para o uso eficiente de energia elétrica em habitação popular: o estudo da comunidade do Costa Azul - Salvador/BA

Abstract

The ambient comfort is used as half of energy conservation. To get a conditioning of the built environment, taking care of to the physiological and psychological necessities of the user, it s necessary to evaluate the performances: thermal, acoustic, luminous and ergodinâmico of a construction. With this, the concept appears of bioclimático project: the interaction of the project architectural with the climatic conditions, adjusting the construction to the environment in which is inserted. Through the correct implementation of these strategies it can be arrived at a project that provides thermal comfort with optimization of energy. The orientation and forms of the building, the materials of construction and the localization and nature of the openings thermal exchanges, illumination, movement of air and humidity must take in account the climatic factors -, that influence the consumption of energy of the constructions. However, this energy-ambient conscience still is unknown for the majority of the professionals who confuse energy efficiency with the "intelligent buildings". Moreover, in popular areas, without access the professionals of the construction, become more difficult to take care of these questions. The present work consists of a study of case in two urban communities of low income of Salvador. The research was carried through in an area of invasion of the quarter of the Costa Azul, composed for the communities Paraíso Azul and Recanto Feliz place, that had been dealt here with as an only accumulation - the Costa Azul Community. These communities contrast with an area consolidated and urbanization of middle class of the city, next the Maritime Edge. The work in such a way analyzes the conditions of comfort of the constructions of an area of popular habitation, how much the conditions in proposal of urbanization of the Government of the State of the Bahia for the area, considering the climatic characteristics of Salvador and the local microclimate, inserting the effect of the topography, orientation, ventilation and constructive typology. It is observed that, of one it forms generality, the areas of low income occupation don t present adequate conditions of thermal comfort, nor in the scope of the construction, much less in the urban scope, factor that a rise in the consumption of electric energy in these autoconstruídas habitations provokes. However, the projected habitations for the technician of the government are exactly not thought considering the climatic aspects, the conditions of comfort and the consumption of energy. The results of this research interest the professionals of the construction who had still not acquired this concern and the proper inhabitants similar autoconstrutores of the area in study and areas, a time that the carried through analyses had today allowed the suggestion of some alterations in the projects of the existing constructions and in the urbanization project and of construction considered by the Government of the State for the studied community, as well as of some aspects being considered for the public power in the implantation of public politics of habitation