Práticas de gestão ambiental: os casos dos campos produtores de petróleo da Bahia

Abstract

This dissertation consists of a study of cases of the practices of environmental administration in two located fields producing of petroleum in the State of Bahia: the field of Buracica - Petrobras (state-owned company) and the field of Uirapuru - Petrosynergy (private company). The description and analysis of the practical of environmental management had been elaborated through interviews and questionnaires, using as base the four dimensions of the methodology of the cycle of the PDCA of norm NBR ISO 14001 (planning, implementation and operation, verification and critical analysis for the administration), allowing to conclude that the management of the field of Buracica adopts a system of environmental management (SGA) certificate in norm NBR ISO 14001. However, the field of Uirapuru, the management adopts specific practices of environmental management to execute the legal requirements, contractual and environmental requirements of the operation license, characterizing a company in stage of initial implementation of a SGA for certification in norm NBR ISO 14001. In the evaluation of the adherence of these practical of environmental management in relation to the requirements of the norm, it used a table of punctuation of percentile imbalance presented by Moreira (2006), the field of Buracica got an average punctuation equals 98.5% of adherence, justifying that the management practices are according to the norm NBR ISO 14001. In the field of Uirapuru the average punctuation was equals 53.1% of adherence, confirming that the company did not implement totally a SGA for certification. In the evaluation of the environmental management pointers in the period of 2005 and 2007 the field of Buracica considers as main pointers: the indicator of environment (tx IMA); attendance of environmental requirements of Institute of environment of Bahia (% AC IMA-BA); accomplishment of training of critical pattern for SMS (% RTPC) the accomplishment of simulated of emergencies (% RSE), all with good results in the period. However, the pointer of cost of treatment of residue got increasing costs, due to treatment of environmental passive. In the field of Uirapuru the following pointers had been presented: generation of dangerous residues; generation of residues of perforation of wells; number of occurrences of spill; attendance of the environmental requirements; training in critical patters for SMS; accomplishment of simulated of emergencies and costs of treatment of residues, with good results in the period of 2005 and 2007, for not letting to generate environmental liabilities. In the analysis of the effectiveness of the practices of environmental management in the perception of the employees a Likert scale of five points was used, calculating the ranking average as Oliveira (2005). For the answers with punctuation below 3 points were considered tuneless and equal or larger to 3 concordant points. The field of Buracica obtained a punctuation of global medium ranking equal to 4.3 points and the field of Uirapuru reached a punctuation of 3.9 points, confirming the researched employees' agreement of all as for the effectiveness of those practices of environmental administration in the education, understanding and training of the workforce, continuous improvements of the internal processes and for the environmental responsibility.