A dinâmica da viticultura no Polo Petrolina/Juazeiro: uma análise setorial.

Abstract

From the 1960s onwards, the Submédio Vale do Rio São Francisco has been the target of strong public investments aimed at irrigation and energy generation, which have caused social and economic impacts, both in the agricultural area and in the urban environment. This fact contributed to Polo Petrolina/Juazeiro becoming the largest producer and exporter of seedless grapes in Brazil, responsible for more than 95% of the table grapes produced and exported. However, after the international crisis in 2008, in the 2008-2014 interval, exports fell by 65%. From the analysis of the performance of economic sectors, it is possible to identify the evolution of the productive dynamics of a segment in a region, and to know how its competitiveness is. This study analyzes the dynamics of the viticulture of Polo Petrolina/Juazeiro based on production, marketing and the challenges that are presented to producers. The study adopts exploratory, descriptive research, through a qualitative and quantitative approach in secondary data. The method of approach was inductive and the method of procedure was the Case Study, performing a verification of the conditions of competitiveness of viticulture activity, through the model of Porter's Diamond. The research begins with a review of the evolution of regional economic thought, discusses the classic models and theories of regional development that deal with agglomeration factors, emphasizes the dynamic mechanism of self-reinforcement and externalities associated with the productive agglomerations proposed by Perroux. It runs through Schumpeter, Myrdal, Hirschman, follows the logic of the export base of North which defends regional development from the emergence of an export activity based on specific locational factors. On secondary bases, the evolution of the production and commercialization of grapes in the world, Brazil and Polo was recorded for the study interval, 2000 to 2014. In order to know the potential of viticulture competitiveness, semi-structured interviews were conducted with managers of medium and large companies. farms, Embrapa researchers, representatives of Associations, Cooperatives and Valexport We conclude by indicating that the dynamics of the viticulture sector is based on an interdependence of systems and processes, and that viticulture is important for the development of the region according to its generation. jobs inside and outside the farm gate in cities. That viticulture requires frequent innovations, that part of the Polo's grape production is undergoing a period of renewal, thus accompanying international trade, but that it still has much to learn when it comes to the commercial expansion of the grape and the conquest of markets. The Polo has the capacity to expand its production and has invested in competitive varieties, but it needs to strengthen its ties with the market.