Empoderamento feminino na Região Metropolitana de Salvador: uma análise a partir da presença das mulheres no mercado de trabalho e na política, entre 2003 e 2013

Abstract

The aim of this work is to analyze the participation of women in the labor market, politics, and developments regarding education in the metropolitan area of Salvador, between 2003 and 2013, and its implications for women's empowerment. The research is justified by the fact that woman are still a part of one of the largest groups discriminated in society and the labor market continues to find greater difficulty in insertion. She also finds difficulties in the field of politics. It is relevant because the situation of women refers to gender equality in a region of great importance to the country, either by demographics or for participation in the generating of income. Regarding the problem of research, this dissertation aimed to analyze how the RMS answered questions concerning the female empowerment, and the primary area for analysis was selected, the economic. In addition to the economy, it was also observed the participation of women in the political system, specifically in the municipalities of the metropolitan region of Salvador, in order to further shed light on the importance this has over empowerment. The approach of this research is qualitative and quantitative, it is characterized by multiple focus points using a methodology that combines the two approaches. As for methodology it was used a document analysis by an availability of national reports drawn up by official agencies of the Federal Government, specifically those dealing with the monitoring of the Millennium Development Goals, as well as the literary review of the literature on empowerment, family structure, gender, labor market and development to promote greater understanding on this issue. Considering the descriptive analytical character, this research collected data for four geographic levels, Brazil, Northeast, Bahia and RMS, focusing more on the latter, using several variables such as employment, unemployment, education, pay and political participation, among others, men and women. They used data from secondary sources that are based on surveys conducted by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE) and the Ministry of Labor and Employment (MTE). It was concluded that there are still disparities relating to women's insertion in the RMS labor market, as the number of employed women compared to men is even lower. There is also a gap when it comes to remuneration for men and women, as well as greater difficulty women have re-entering the labor market. All this data converged to a scenario that saw a lower participation of female politicians in RMS, a characteristic that reflects a society in which the female contingent has not yet achieved the expected empowerment level typical to the region with more human development, which is advocated in the Millennium Development Goals by the United Nations - MDG32. It is expected that the results achieved in this project allows elements to deepen the discussion on the reality of women in RMS, serving as support for the development of public policies that contribute to actions for greater equity between genders.